Autochthonous cases of schistosomiasis in children in Recife, Northeastern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE Investigate breeding sites with host snails and autochthonous human cases of schistosomiasis. METHODS Between July 2010 and September 2012 were performed: (1) malacological survey searching for breeding sites, collection and identification of Biomphalaria snails positive for Schistosoma mansoni in Recife, PE, Northeastern Brazil; (2) prevalence survey in 2,718 schoolchildren aged from seven to 14 years old to identify cases of schistosomiasis, clinical examination and ultrasound in positive cases of S. mansoni. The autochthony of the cases was investigated and the case were clinically evaluated. The cases and breeding sites were georeferenced and spatially described. RESULTS The results identified 30 breeding with B. straminea, four of which were potential foci of transmission, as molecular testing identified snails with S. mansoni DNA. There were 14 children diagnosed with schistosomiasis, of which five were considered to be autochthonous cases of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Urgent measures are required in order to avoid schistosomiasis becoming endemic to Recife, as has happened in other coastal areas of the state of Pernambuco.